Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium S100A4 / Metastasin / Calvasculin (Marker of Tumor Metastasis)(rS100A4/1481), 1mg/mL
S100A4 belongs to the S100 super-family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding domains. S100 genes include at least 25 members, including S100A1-S100A18, trichohyalin, filaggrin, repetin, S100P, and S100Z. S100A4 exerts its function via direct interaction with a number of proteins including P53, P63, non-muscle myosin IIA, 64 integrin, and liprin b1. S100A4 is overexpressed in highly metastatic cancers, which makes it useful as a marker of tumor progression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Cytokeratin, pan (Epithelial Marker)(PCK/3150), 1mg/mL
Anti-cytokeratin clone PCK/3150 demonstrates a broad spectrum of cytokeratin reactivity. In normal tissues, PCK/3150 is reactive with most epithelial types, including bile ducts and hepatocytes in liver, bladder epithelium, breast ducts, bronchial epithelium, endometrium, intestinal epithelium of stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, rectum, pancreas, ovarian epithelium, pancreatic acini, pituitary acini, pneumocytes, prostate, thyroid, skin (positive on the basal layer and negative on the superficial layers of squamous epithelium), and apocrine and sweat glands. In tumors, PCK/3150 is reactive with most carcinomas, including breast, transitional cell (TCC), renal cell (RCC), lung adenocarcinoma, lung small cell, lung squamous cell, endometrial, prostate, ovarian, hepatocellular (HCC), colorectal CA, stomach and thyroid. It is negative in certain normal tissues, including brain, lymphocytes and all cells of hematolymphoid origin, muscle, brain, nerves, endothelium and in certain t
Biotium CD47 / IAP (Integrin Associated Protein)(CD47/3019), 1mg/mL
This antibody reacts with Ig domain of CD47 protein. CD47, originally named integrin-associated protein (IAP), is a 50 kDa protein containing five membrane-spanning sequences and a short cytoplasmic tail. CD47 plays a role in both cell adhesion by acting as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, and in the modulation of integrins. It is important in memory formation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. CD47 may play a role in membrane transport and/or integrin dependent signal transduction. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Neurofilament (NF-L) (Neuronal Marker) (NEFL/2983R), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb reacts with a 68 kDa protein, identified as light sub-unit of neurofilaments (NF-L). Neurofilaments make up the main structural elements of axons and dendrites and are found in neurons, peripheral nerves, and sympathetic ganglion cells. Neurofilaments consist of three major subunits with molecular weights of 68 kDa (NF-L), 160 kDa (NF-M) and 200 kDa (NF-H). Anti-neurofilament stains a number of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumors. Neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and neuroblastomas stain positively for anti-neurofilament. Neurofilaments are also present in paragangliomas as well as adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Carcinoids, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and oat cell carcinomas of the lung also express neurofilament.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluores
Biotium Prohibitin (Mitochondrial Marker)(PHB/3229), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 30 kDa which is identified as Prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved protein with homologues found in yeast to man. It is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Although prohibitin mRNA and protein expression occurs throughout the cell cycle, maximum levels are detected during the G1/S phase transition and minimum levels are seen in S phase and the G2/mitosis boundary. Prohibitin is located exclusively in the mitochondria with the highest concentration on the inner membrane. Prohibitin is an ideal mitochondrial marker. It shows antiproliferative activity and has been proposed to play a role in normal cell cycle regulation, replicative senescence, cellular immortalization, and tumor suppression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended fo
Biotium Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2)(COX2/3232R), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Prostaglandins are a diverse group of autocrine and paracrine hormones that mediate many cellular and physiologic processes. Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) is an intermediate molecule in formation of the prostaglandins. Cyclooxygenase-1 (Cox-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) are prostaglandin synthases that catalyze the formation of PGH2 from arachidonic acid (AA). Cox-1 and Cox-2 are isozymes of prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase (PTGS). Cox-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and is thought to serve in general housekeeping functions. Cox-2 is efficiently induced in migratory cells responding to pro-inflammatory stimuli and is considered to be an important mediator of inflammation. Both enzymes are targets for the nonsteroidal therapeutic anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs. COX2 expression is significantly increased in 85-90% of human colorectal adenocarcinomas whereas levels of COX-1 are not changed. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluores
Biotium Melanoma Associated Antigen (MAA)(MAA/1414), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The antibody reacts strongly with melanoma cells derived from cell lines and short-term cultures and reacts preferentially with melanoma cells in frozen tissue sections. The antibody can also be used to detect melanoma lesions in vivo. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Clathrin, Heavy Chain (CLTC/1431), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes protein of 192 kDa, which is identified as Clathrin Heavy Chain. Clathrin is composed of three heavy chains and three light chains, which associate non-covalently to form a triskelion structure. Clathrin heavy chain (HC) is composed of a terminal globular domain, a distal segment and a proximal segment containing a light chain-binding site. The proximal segment of the Clathrin HC protein is essential for interactions between Clathrin heavy chains and light chains, which result in the formation of the triskelion structure.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Desmocollin-2/3(rDSC2/3437), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Desmosomes are intercellular adhering junctions that represent cell surface attachment sites for intermediate filament. The desmosome is subdivided into two regions. The plaque region lies adjacent to the plasma, and is believed to contain molecules that attach the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to the desmosome. The core region is composed of transmembrane glycoproteins that are thought to mediate cell-cell adhesion. Desmogleins and desmocollins are the main desmosomal transmembrane proteins. These desmosomal glycoproteins belong to the members of the cadherin family of adhesion molecules. Three different isoforms of both desmogleins and desmocollins have been identified, named as desmoglein 1-3 and desmocollins. Desmosomal cadherins showed differentiation-specific expression in the human epidermis, although the functional significance of this differential expression is not fully understood. Desmocollin-1 can be found in the upper layers. The expression of desmocollin-2
Biotium RNA Polymerase II(CTD4H8), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is an enzyme that is composed of 12 subunits and is responsible for the transcription of protein-coding genes. Transcription initiation requires Pol II-mediated recruitment of transcription machinery to a target promoter, thereby allowing transcription to begin. The largest subunit of Pol II (referred to as RPB1 or RPB205) is a 1, 840 amino acid protein that contains one C2H2-type zinc finger and a C-terminal domain comprised of several heptapeptide repeats. Although Pol II function requires the cooperation of all twelve subunits, the largest subunit conveys Pol II catalytic activity and, together with the second largest subunit, forms the active center of the Pol II enzyme. Additionally, the large subunit participates in forming the DNA-binding domain of Pol II, a groove that is necessary for transcription of the DNA template. Without proper function of the large subunit, mRNA synthesis and subsequent transcription elongation cannot occur. Primary
Biotium Nucleolin(364-5 + NCL/902), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes Nucleolin (NCL), the major nucleolar phosphoprotein of growing eukaryotic cells. NCL is located mainly in dense fibrillar regions of the nucleolus. It is found associated with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles. Human NCL gene consists of 14 exons with 13 introns and spans approximately 11 kb. It has a predicted molecular weight of ~76 kDa with an apparent MW of 100-110 kDa, attributed to phosphorylation of its N-terminal domain. It induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1. It is thought to play a role in pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome assembly.This MAb can be used to stain the nucleoli in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a marker of the nucleoli in subcellular fractions. It produces a speckled pattern in the nuclei of cells of normal and malignant cells and may be used to stain the nucleoli of cells in fixed or frozen tissue sections. It can be used with paraformaldehyde fixed frozen tissue or cell preparations and
Biotium CD20 / MS4A1 (B-Cell Marker)(MS4A1/3409), CF594 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 30-33 kDa, which is identified as CD20. It is a non-Ig differentiation antigen of B-cells and its expression is restricted to normal and neoplastic B-cells, being absent from all other leukocytes and tissues. CD20 is expressed by pre-B-cells and persists during all stages of B-cell maturation but is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells. This MAb can be used for immunophenotyping of leukemia and malignant cells, B lymphocyte detection in peripheral blood and B cell localization in tissues. It reacts with the majority of B-cells present in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues and their derived lymphomas. In lymphoid tissue, germinal center blasts and B-immunoblasts are particularly reactive. It is a reliable antibody for ascribing a B-cell phenotype in known lymphoid tissues. Rarely, CD20-positive T-cell lymphomas have been reported. Reactivity has also been noted with Reed-Sternberg cells in cases of Hodgkin's disease, particularly of l
Biotium NKX6.1 (Marker for Pancreatic and Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors) (NKX61/2561), 0.2mg/mL
Members of the Nkx family of homeodomain proteins are key regulators of growth and development in several tissues, including brain, heart and pancreas. During neural development, sonic hedgehog (Shh) is known to control cell fate and mitogenesis, which is correlated with Shh dose-dependent expression of several genes, including Nkx-6.1. Specifically, Nkx-6.1 is responsible for cellular differentiation in the ventral neural tube and spinal meninges in response to Shh. In the pancreas, Nkx-6.1 is exclusively expressed in the islets of Langerhans in differentiating and mature B cells, which produce Insulin. The presence of Pdx-1 is required for the expression of Nkx-6.1 as well as other pancreatic B cell specific genes, including Insulin, Glut2 and IAPP. Subsequently, Nkx-6.1 binds to the DNA consensus sequence, TTAATTAC, to direct the repression of specific genes in B cells.Nkx6.1 is highly expressed in pancreatic and duodenal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WDNETS) and i
Biotium CD74(LN-2), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of ~35 kDa, identified as CD74 (Workshop IV). CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. Anti-CD74 stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. Anti-CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma ( ).Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecti
Biotium Neurofilament (NF-L) (Neuronal Marker) (NEFL/2983R), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb reacts with a 68 kDa protein, identified as light sub-unit of neurofilaments (NF-L). Neurofilaments make up the main structural elements of axons and dendrites and are found in neurons, peripheral nerves, and sympathetic ganglion cells. Neurofilaments consist of three major subunits with molecular weights of 68 kDa (NF-L), 160 kDa (NF-M) and 200 kDa (NF-H). Anti-neurofilament stains a number of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumors. Neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and neuroblastomas stain positively for anti-neurofilament. Neurofilaments are also present in paragangliomas as well as adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Carcinoids, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and oat cell carcinomas of the lung also express neurofilament.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluores